甘肃肃州种业“新事”：5G无人驾驶作业 种子有了“身份证”******
1月上旬，甘肃酒泉市肃州区国家现代种业产业园内，科研人员进行种子实验。李建平 摄
(新春走基层)甘肃肃州种业“新事”：5G无人驾驶作业 种子有了“身份证”
中新网兰州1月11日电 (闫姣 刘潇田鹏鹤)作为以蔬菜花卉制种产业为主的“国字号”产业园，位于甘肃酒泉市的肃州区国家现代种业产业园随处可见“肃州种子播种全球”的标语。该产业园管理办公室主任芦克明解释这种“底气”时说，肃州种子占据全国市场的一半以上，并销往全球数十个国家和地区。
肃州土壤肥沃，光照充足、气候干燥，昼夜温差大、天然隔离条件好，是全球公认的最具优势的农作物制种区之一，被誉为“天然的种子繁育场和种子生产黄金带”。从专注于为国外作物制种，到如今拥有自主知识产权品种，40余年来，肃州种业不断与时偕行。
有多年农机产品生产经验的酒泉奥凯种子机械有限公司，见证了肃州种业的发展。企业技术中心主任付秋峰1月上旬接受中新网记者采访时称，企业由生产种子加工机械的“小铁匠铺”起步，到如今成为业界“领头羊”，目前已布局种子全产业链，“我在很多文献中看到，肃州区种业也经历了由小到大的发展过程。”
肃州区“老牌”企业奥凯种子机械有限公司陈列展示各类种子。闫姣 摄
“每条加工线每小时的种子加工量为10吨，正在往每小时15吨发展。”付秋峰说，以前种子加工手段落后，效率、规模都提不上去，这几年在自动化方面进步很快，新近研发的5G无人驾驶抽雄机，再次延长了制种业的产业链。
据该企业下属田间育种装备制造公司经理侯景僖介绍，无人导航抽雄机主要用于杂交制种玉米的去雄作业，以获得最优质杂交玉米种子，通过提前设置程序，规划路径，自动完成田间作业，“以前进口设备进价高，且有些水土不服，需要人工一颗一颗抽取玉米雄穗，劳动强度大。我们研发这款产品后，一天能代替近300人工。”
如今，酒泉市已有200多家登记注册种子生产企业，已建成种子生产基地50多万亩，参与制种农户7.2万多户，先后培育了玉米、花卉和蔬菜种子品牌20多个，审定、登记各类农作物品种1000多个，制种成了当地的“金字招牌”。
制种为当地带来“名声”的同时，也引来了投资，敦煌种业先锋良种有限公司就是一家中外合资企业。中新网记者走访该公司生产车间时看到，各个生产线有蓝色、粉色、红色、紫色的玉米种子在生产线上传送，每个包装袋上都有二维码，是该产品的“身份证”，便于消费者识别产品真伪。
该企业后段加工负责人闫常斌说，目前生产车间在售的有26个品种，而且每年还有新研发的产品，“单粒播种由我们公司首先提出，而且在售产品的核心竞争力在于所有质量指标在行业领先，高于国家标准。根据客户不同需求和病虫害的影响，我们有不同配方。”
图为肃州区应用于种子制造业的5G无人驾驶抽雄机。李建平 摄
酒泉蓝翔园艺副总经理郭海辉称，企业主要以花卉种子加工生产为主，而且自建了种质资源库，种质资源达到3200份，在2020年通过了国家级评审，“后期也会通过引种，来增加存放的草本花卉种质资源。”
目前，酒泉正以国家级现代种业产业园为引领，构建研发繁育、种植加工、检验检测、机械制造、流通服务于一体的现代种业全产业链，致力于打造国家级玉米种子基地和世界级蔬菜花卉种子基地。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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